Enter your income and deductions for a full federal income tax estimate.
Estimates your total federal income tax and effective rate using the 2025 standard deduction and ordinary tax brackets.
The calculator applies the 2025 standard deduction unless your deductions above the standard amount are larger, since taxpayers generally claim whichever is greater. Your taxable income is gross income minus that deduction, and the ordinary brackets are then applied to what remains. Only federal ordinary income is modeled here, not payroll, state, or local taxes.
Federal brackets are progressive, so each slice of taxable income is taxed at its own rate rather than one flat rate on the whole amount. Your effective rate, the total tax divided by gross income, is therefore lower than your top marginal bracket. This tool covers single and married filing jointly and does not model credits, the alternative minimum tax, or special income types.
Progressive brackets tax only the income within each range at that range's rate, so lower slices are taxed less. The blended result is your effective rate, which sits below your top bracket.
No, it estimates ordinary federal income tax only and excludes credits, Social Security and Medicare taxes, and state tax. Those can meaningfully change what you actually owe.
It uses 2025 figures for single and married filing jointly filers. Other statuses and years may produce different results.
See the exact formula and a worked example on our methodology page.